There are 5 critical components of reading instruction:
PHONEMIC AWARENESS—The knowledge and manipulation of sounds in spoken words.
PHONICS—The relationship between written and spoken letters and sounds.
READING FLUENCY, INCLUDING ORAL READING SKILLS—The ability to read with accuracy,and with appropriate rate,expression,and phrasing.
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT—The knowledge of words, their definitions, and context.
READING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES—The understanding of meaning in text.
These 5 components should be integrated to ensure effective reading instruction.
According to Vacca and Vacca (2008), " decoding, reading fluency, vocabulary and comprehension are interrelated processes." Thus if a student is weak in one component it would affect their understanding of what they are reading.
Therefore as reading specialists we have our work cut out for us, as there are many struggling readers in our school system that need our help to move from struggling readers to striving readers.
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